How To Use Et Al In Citation

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How to use et al in citation. Encyclopedia of halloween costumes. And articles with six or more authors are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al. In your reference list citation of a major reference book with a large editorial board. The phrase et al is used with in text citations only when referencing a source that has three or more authors. Should not be confused with etc.

Include the surname of the first author followed by et al if the source you re citing has 4 or more authors type the surname of the first author listed on the title page followed by a space and the abbreviation et al then type a space and add the year the source was published. For parenthetical citation of a work with 6 or more authors. Use the lead author s surname and et al. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity. When using et al.

For sources with one two or three authors list all author names in your in text citations whether footnotes or author date. After the first author. Or other abbreviations that indicate more content than listed. On the subsequent citations for three four or five authors. Any time you have more than two authors the potential for using et al.

You can use et al. Articles with three four or five authors include all names in the first in text citation but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then using et al for the second and subsequent citations. Use the lead author s name and et al. Include the name of only the first author s last name plus et al in every citation.

In citing such papers using the name and date system also known as the harvard system a long string of names proves awkward which is why most journals recommend the use of et al which is latin for et alii or et aliae and means and others. With in text citation is there. In both the in text citation and in the works cited page. Specifically articles with one or two authors include all names in every in text citation. As such the first citation should spell out all their names and any subsequent citation can include et al.